Ahmed, N. (2019). Proof of Ecocide: Towards a Forensic Practice for the Proposed International Crime Against the Environment. Archaeological and Environmental Forensic Science, 1(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1558/aefs.36378
Carrabine, E., Iganski, P., Lee, M., Plummer, K., & South, N. (2004). The greening of criminology, Criminology: A Sociological Introduction. London: Routledge (Ch.5).
(Textbook) Defines the four main goals of green criminology:
1. Taking note of the existence of green crimes in every form and developing basic typologies and differences;
2. Sketching different directions in this field and evaluating the complications and political influences;
3. Connecting green crimes with social inequalities;
4. Evaluating the role of the green social movement in achieving social changes.
Crook, M. & Short, D. (2014) Marx, Lemkin and the genocide–ecocide nexus, The International Journal of Human Rights, Volume 18, Issue 3: Climate change, environmental violence and genocide
Elaborates on the argument that ecocide is genocide by drawing from political ecology and environmental sociology: ecocide, both natural and man-made instances, will become the primary driver of genocide. Calls upon genocide scholars to induce a paradigm shift to link such concepts together. (Zahn 1999 – calls for similar paradigm shift similar to that of white-collar crime expanding the crime paradigm) Draws upon Lemkin’s definition of cultural genocide to argue that the environment is a genos deserving protection.
Dani S. U. (2019) Geocide, Ecocide, and Genocidal Type Outcomes from Large-Scale Open Pit Mountaintop Gold Mining in the Outskirts of Paracatu, Brazil, Environmental Justice Vol. 12, No. 3
Eman, K., Meško, G., & Fields, C. (2009) Crimes against the environment: green criminology and research challenges in Slovenia, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 574–592.
Foster, Patrick, “Climate Torts and Ecocide in the Context of Proposals for an International Environmental Court” (2011). CUNY Academic Works.
Gillespie, R. (1996). Ecocide, Industrial Chemical Contamination, and the Corporate Profit Imperative: The Case of Bougainville. Social Justice, 23(4 (66)), 109-124.
Goyes, R., South, N. (2017) Green Criminology before ‘Green Criminology’, Critical Criminology, Vol. 25, No. 2
Gray, M. A. (1996). The international crime of ecocide, California Western International Law Journal Vol. 26, pp. 215-271
Greene, A. (2019) The Campaign to Make Ecocide an International Crime: Quixotic Quest or Moral Imperative?, Fordham Environmental Law Review Vol. 30 No. 3
Introduces the possibilities of making “ecocide” an international crime. Explains jurisdictional limitations of criminalising ecocide internationally.
Gromilova, M. (2015) Rescuing the People of Tuvalu: Towards an ICJ Advisory Opinion on the International Legal Obligations to Protect the Environment and Human Rights of Populations Affected by Climate Change, Intercultural Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 10 p. 233
Halsey, M. (2004) Against ‘green’ criminology, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 833-853.
Higgins, P. et al. (2013), Protecting the Planet: A Proposal for a Law of Ecocide, Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol. 53, pp. 251–66
Lists examples of crimes and harms that damage the environment, human and non-human species. Discusses suggestions about development and expression of earth jurisprudence. Draws comparison between how genocide and crimes against the environment can be defined (Lemkin: destruction of a people by other factors not directly involved in killing, but by e.g. undermining way of life of humans).
Hough, P. (2019) Back to the future: environmental security in nineteenth century global politics. Global Security: Health, Science and Policy 4:1, pages 1-13.
Jacobs, R. E. (2005) Treading Deep Waters: Substantive Law Issues in Tuvalu’s Threat to Sue the United States in the International Court of Justice, Washington International Law Journal, Vol. 14 No. 1
Lamas A. C. (2017) Ecocide: Addressing the large-scale impairment of the environment and human rights, Foscari University of Venice
Lynch, M & Stretesky, P. (2003) The Meaning of Green: Contrasting Criminological Perspectives, Theoretical Criminology Vol. 7. pp. 217-238. DOI: 10.1177/1362480603007002414.
Lynch, M. J., & Stretesky, P. B. (2014) Exploring green criminology: Toward a green criminological revolution. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Lynch, M. J., Long, M. A., Barrett, K. L., & Stretesky, P. B. (2013) Is it a crime to produce ecological disorganization? Why green criminology and political economy matter in the analysis of global ecological harms, British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 53 No. 6, pp. 997-1016.
Disagrees with the notion that the law is a useful mechanism for defining ecological crime, because there are no objective and independent standards; and owing to the fact that crime is a social construction. Argues for a political economic approach to the study of global ecological crimes. Posits that green crime produces unnecessary ecological harm.
MacCarrick, G. (2016) Amicus curiae to the International Monsanto Tribunal on the question of Ecocide
Mistura, A. (2019) Is There Space for Environmental Crimes Under International Criminal Law? The Impact of the Office of the Prosecutor Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritization on the Current Legal Framework, Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 43 No. 1 https://doi.org/10.7916/cjel.v43i1.3740
Michael J. Lynch, Averi Fegadel & Michael A. Long (2020) Green Criminology and State-Corporate Crime: The Ecocide-Genocide Nexus with Examples from Nigeria, Journal of Genocide Research, DOI: 10.1080/14623528.2020.1771998
Nicholson, M. (2012) Evaluating Ecocide: Invaluable or Invalid? A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Laws (with Honours) at the University of Otago
Peiser, B. (2005). FROM GENOCIDE TO ECOCIDE: THE RAPE OF “RAPA NUI”. Energy & Environment, 16(3/4), 513-539.
Pereira (2015) Environmental criminal liability and enforcement in European and international law, Leiden ; Boston : Brill Nijhoff, Queen Mary studies in international law, v. 21.
The drive for harmonisation of environmental criminal standards at both the international and European level emerges from the increasing recognition of the scale and seriousness of environmental crime, the need to strengthen mechanisms of police and judicial interstate cooperation to combat cross-border crime, and the objective to ensure fair competition in a global economy and an integrated EU common market. The harmonisation of environmental criminal law requires a competent institutional framework able to convey the need for criminalisation of environmental harm while not overriding national aspirations to sovereignty in criminal matters. The book Environmental Criminal Liability and Enforcement in European and International Law assesses legal, theoretical and practical questions of harmonisation of national environmental criminal law and the mechanisms for cooperation by sovereign states under European and International Law, with a particular emphasis on legislative developments in the European Union, the Council of Europe and other international institutions, assessing the case for an extension of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over international environmental crimes.
Pereira, R. (2020) After the ICC Office of the Prosecutor’s 2016 Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritisation: Towards an International Crime of Ecocide? Criminal Law Forum, 31, pp.179–224
Pettigrew, H. (1971). A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF FREEDOM FROM ECOCIDE. Environmental Law, 2(1), 1-41.
Potter, G.R., (2013) Justifying” green” criminology: Values and” taking sides” in an ecologically informed social science, The value (s) of Criminology and Criminal Justice, pp.125-141.
Ruggiero, V., & South, N. (2010) Green criminology and dirty collar crime, Critical criminology, Vol.18 No. 4, pp. 251-262
Ruggiero, V., & South, N. (2013) Green criminology and crimes of the economy: Theory, research and praxis, Critical Criminology, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 359-373.
Satgar, V. (2018) THE ANTHROPOCENE AND IMPERIAL ECOCIDE: PROSPECTS FOR JUST TRANSITIONS. In Satgar V. (Ed.), The Climate Crisis: South African and Global Democratic Eco-Socialist Alternatives (pp. 47-68). Johannesburg: Wits University Press. doi:10.18772/22018020541.8
Shover, N., & Routhe, A. S. (2005). Environmental crime, Crime and Justice Vol. 32, 321-371.
South, N. (2014) Green criminology: Reflections, connections, horizons. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 5-20
South, N., & Brisman, A. (Eds.). (2013). The Ordinary Acts of Ecocide: A Criminological Analysis, The Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology, London: Routledge
Suggests some ordinary acts “harms” that are widely and regularly performed by individuals, generally viewed as acceptable, but collectively have a substantial impact on environmental problems, such as first-world lifestyles, livestock grazing. Makes the argument that such ordinary harms are neglected by mainstream green criminologists that focus on organised groups and corporations, and reminds us to consider both individual and larger groups together.
South, N., White, R. (2013) The Antecedents and Emergence of a ‘Green’ Criminology, Unspecified
Provides a brief history of green criminology and the development of different perspectives. Suggests the importance of sociology and political economy (Marx, Veblen, Weber, Packard) in ecocide.
Stone, C. (1972) Should trees have standing? Towards legal rights for natural objects, Southern California Law Review Vol. 45, No. 450
Teclaff, L. (1994). Beyond Restoration—The Case of Ecocide. Natural Resources Journal, 34(4), 933-956.
White, R. (2018) Ecocide and the Carbon Crimes of the Powerful
Lazarus, R. (2008) Super Wicked Problems and Climate Change: Restraining the Present to Liberate the Future, 2010 Environmental Law Institute, http://www.eli.org, 1-800-433-5120.
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