This submission centers on Bolsonaro’s policies leading to the persecution of Indigenous peoples and the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. Since taking office in 2019, Bolsonaro has transferred the responsibility for demarcating Indigenous lands from the Indigenous affairs agency to the Ministry of Agriculture, favoring extractive industries. This shift has resulted in increased deforestation, biodiversity loss, and the displacement of Indigenous communities. The communication argues that these actions constitute crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute, including murder, forced displacement, and persecution, with ecocide forming part of the broader context. Its authors request the OTP to open a preliminary examination into Bolsonaro’s policies and their impacts.