The communication alleges that President Bolsonaro has promoted a widespread attack on the Amazon and those who defend and depend upon it which represents a clear threat to humanity itself. The complaint argues that global climate security is dependent on the Amazon and its key role in regulating global temperatures and weather patterns, and that the severe damage to the functions of the Amazon Biome caused by deforestation, conversion of deforested land to cattle ranching, and vast intentional forest fires has disrupted this critical ecosystem turning it from a carbon sink to a carbon source. This destruction has caused, and continues to risk, grave harm to local, regional, and global populations—especially Indigenous and local communities described as “Environmental Dependents and Defenders.” The communication asserts that these acts amount to crimes against humanity under Articles 7 and 25(3)(c) of the Rome Statute and requestes the OTP to open a preliminary examination into the matter.